Electric Scooter Regulations in the European Union

Electric scooters sold or used in the European Union must meet strict regulations and safety standards. There are also requirements concerning substances, labelling, and documentation.

In this guide, we provide a closer examination of requirements under various EU regulations and directives applicable to electric scooters, batteries, and chargers.

Note: We do not list requirements that apply to products in general or packaging. Additionally, we do not cover specific EU national requirements that may apply to electric scooters.

Which EU regulations and directives apply to electric scooters?

Below follows a list of selected compliance requirements for electric scooters in the EU. Note that additional requirements can apply. Further, the listed requirements are relevant to the following items:

• Electric scooters
• Batteries
• Chargers

Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230

Overview	Information
Relevancy	This regulation covers machinery, partly completed machinery, safety components, and other related products listed in the regulation. It repeals the Machinery Directive on the 20th of January, 2027. Electric scooters generally fit the definition of machinery as they are an assembly of moving parts driven by a motor, and are mentioned as examples of covered products, among other vehicles. In particular, the regulation mentions e-bikes, e-scooters and other personal mobility devices. However, the regulation does not apply to scooters that are covered by Regulation (EU) 168/2013.
General requirements	1. Comply with the relevant safety requirements 2. Follow the applicable harmonised standards 3. Apply the relevant conformity assessment procedures
Documentation	1. Declaration of conformity 2. Declaration of incorporation (for partly completed machinery) 3. Technical documentation 4. Instructions for use 5. Safety information
Labeling requirements	1. CE marking 2. Traceability information

Regulation (EU) 168/2013 on the approval and market surveillance of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles

Overview	Information
Relevancy	1. This Regulation sets administrative and technical requirements regarding two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles (‘L-category vehicles’) that are intended to travel on public roads and to systems, components and separate technical units, and parts and equipment for such vehicles. 2. However, this regulation does not apply to electric scooters whose maximum design speed does not exceed 6 km/h, or that have other characteristics listed in Article 2(2).
General requirements	1. Comply with type-approval requirements 2. Comply with functional safety requirements 3. Environmental performance requirements
Documentation	1. Certificate of conformity
Labeling requirements	1. Traceability information 2. Statutory plate with the appropriate marking 3. Type-approval mark

Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive 2014/30/EU

Overview	Information
Relevancy	1. This directive sets requirements for electronic and electrical equipment. Under the directive, covered products should be designed to be electromagnetically compatible, ensuring they do not interfere with other devices. 2. It covers electric scooters as they incorporate electronic parts.
General requirements	1. Comply with essential requirements 2. Follow the relevant harmonised standards 3. Apply the relevant conformity assessment procedure
Documentation	1. Declaration of conformity 2. Technical documentation 3. Documentation for fixed installations 4. Instructions
Labeling requirements	1. CE marking 2. Traceability information 3. Information on restriction of use

RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU

Overview	Information
Relevancy	1. This directive sets substance restrictions for electronic and electrical equipment. 2. It covers electric scooters because such products would contain electronic and electrical parts.
General requirements	1. Comply with substance restrictions 2. Follow the relevant harmonised standards 3. Apply the conformity assessment procedure
Documentation	1. Declaration of conformity 2. Technical documentation
Labeling requirements	1. CE marking 2. Traceability information

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive 2012/19/EU

Overview	Information
Relevancy	This directive sets requirements for electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) to prevent the unnecessary creation of waste EEE, and to promote the reusing, recycling, and recovering of such waste. It covers electric scooters as they contain electrical and electronic parts.
General requirements	1. Registration requirements with relevant member states 2. Finance cost of collection, treatment, recovery, and disposal of waste EEE individually or by joining a collective scheme
Documentation	1. Comply with information obligations required by member states 2. Comply with reporting requirements.
Labeling requirements	Apply the WEEE symbol

Radio Equipment Directive 2014/53/EU

Overview	Information
Relevancy	1. This directive sets requirements for radio equipment. 2. This directive covers electric scooters that have parts that function like radio equipment. For example, they can connect to other devices via Bluetooth or connect to the internet via WiFi.
General requirements	1. Comply with essential requirements 2. Follow the relevant harmonised standards 3. Apply the applicable conformity assessment procedures
Documentation	1. Declaration of conformity 2. Technical documentation 3. Instructions and safety information
Labeling requirements	1. CE marking 2. Traceability information 3. Restrictions on putting into service 4. Requirements for authorisation of use

Cyber Resilience Act (Regulation (EU) 2024/2847)

Overview	Information
Relevancy	This regulation sets rules to ensure the cybersecurity of products with digital elements. It covers electric scooters that can connect to other devices or a network (i..e, those that can be unlocked or operated via an app).
General requirements	1. Comply with the essential cybersecurity requirements 2. Follow the relevant harmonised standards 3. Apply the applicable conformity assessment procedures 4. Conduct a cybersecurity risk assessment
Documentation	1. Declaration of conformity 2. Technical documentation 3. Instructions
Labeling requirements	1. CE marking 2. Traceability information 3. End date of support period

Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC

Overview	Information
Relevancy	This directive contains requirements for toys. It applies to electric scooters that are appropriate for children aged 14 and below, and that are not to be driven on public roads, pathways, or pavements.
General requirements	1. Comply with essential safety requirements 2. Follow the relevant harmonised standards 3. Apply the applicable conformity assessment procedures
Documentation	1. Declaration of conformity 2. Technical documentation 3. Instructions and safety information 4. Warnings
Labeling requirements	1. CE marking 2. Traceability information

Batteries Regulation (EU) 2023/1542

Overview	Information
Relevancy	This regulation sets requirements for any type of battery, including batteries incorporated in products. This regulation applies to the batteries used in electric scooters.
General requirements	1. Comply with sustainability and safety requirements 2. Follow the relevant harmonised standards 3. Substance restrictions 4. Digital battery passport 5. Extended producer responsibility requirements
Documentation	1. Declaration of conformity 2. Technical documentation 3. Instructions and safety information 4. Safety instructions to handle waste batteries
Labeling requirements	1. CE marking 2. Traceability information

Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (EU) 2024/1781

Overview	Information
Relevancy	1. This regulation contains a framework that ensures that certain products meet ecodesign requirements. 2. It repeals the Ecodesign Directive, but it mentions that parts of the directive continue to apply to certain energy-related products like lighting products and external power supplies incorporated into electric scooters.
General requirements	1. Comply with the requirements contained in delegated acts 2. Follow the relevant harmonised standards 3. Apply the relevant conformity assessment 4. Digital product passport
Documentation	1. Declaration of conformity 2. Technical documentation 3. Safety information and the instructions
Labeling requirements	1. CE marking 2. Traceability information

Ecodesign Directive 2009/125/EC

Overview	Information
Relevancy	1. This directive covers energy-related products. Under the directive, implementing regulations are created containing ecodesign requirements for specific products. 2. This directive covers scooters that come with lighting products or with external power supplies.
General requirements	1. Comply with the implementing regulation and its ecodesign requirements 2. Follow the relevant harmonised standards 3. Apply the applicable conformity assessment procedures
Documentation	1. Declaration of conformity 2. Technical documentation
Labeling requirements	1. CE marking 2. Traceability information 3. Additional labelling information from applicable implementing regulations

Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU

Overview	Information
Relevancy	1. This directive sets safety requirements for products operating with a voltage range of between 50 and 1,000 V for alternating current and between 75 and 1,500 V for direct current. 2. It covers chargers of electric scooters and electric scooters that operate within the above voltage ranges.
General requirements	1. Comply with the safety objectives 2. Follow the relevant harmonised standards 3. Apply the relevant conformity assessment procedures
Documentation	1. Declaration of conformity 2. Technical documentation 3. Instructions and safety information
Labeling requirements	1. CE marking 2. Traceability information

Note: We only list requirements directly related to electric scooters. We do not list requirements that apply to products in general or packaging.

EU electric scooter standards

Product standards set safety requirements and technical specifications that must be met to demonstrate compliance with applicable EU regulations and directives. Below follows an overview of standards we identified that may be relevant for electric scooters, batteries, and chargers.

Electric scooters

We found that the following standard is harmonised under the Machinery Directive (although the title does not explicitly mention whether it applies to electric scooters):

EN 16029 – Ride-on, motorized vehicles intended for the transportation of persons and not intended for use on public roads – Single-track two-wheel motor vehicles – Safety requirements and test methods

Additionally, we found the following standards (non-harmonised) through the CENELEC site that are specific to electric scooters:

EN IEC 63281-3-1 – E-Transporters – Part 3-1: Performance test method for total run time of e-scooters with consideration to environmental conditions of actual use

EN 12184 – Electrically powered wheelchairs, scooters and their chargers – Requirements and test methods

Batteries

The CENELEC website lists standards under the Battery Regulation that are either published, under drafting or awaiting approval. Here are some examples of these standards that may be relevant for batteries of electrical scooters:

EN 18060 – Road vehicles – Rechargeable batteries with internal energy storage – Performance and durability of alkali-Ion (Li-Ion, Na-Ion), Pb, NiMH and combined chemistries EV modules and batteries Published

EN 18061 – Road vehicles – Rechargeable batteries with internal energy storage – Steps, conditions and protocols for the safe repair and re-use and preparation for repurposing of modules and batteries designed for EV applications

prEN 50762 – Secondary lithium-ion batteries for light means of transport — Part 1: Test specifications for performance and durability aspects (under drafting)

Also, there exist non-harmonised standards for batteries. Here we provide some examples:

EN IEC 62281 – Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport

EN IEC 60269-7 – Low-voltage fuses – Part 7: Supplementary Requirements for fuse-links for the protection of batteries and battery systems

Chargers

We found the following standards for chargers and charging cables harmonised under the Low Voltage Directive:

EN 60335-2-29 – Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 2-29 – Particular requirements for battery chargers

EN 50620 – Electric cables – Charging cables for electric vehicles

EN IEC 61851-1 – Electric vehicle conductive charging system – Part 1: General requirements

Testing requirements

As mentioned, electric scooters imported or manufactured for use in the EU are subject to various regulations and directives. Demonstrating compliance with these regulations and directives requires compliance with applicable safety standards and requirements.

Verifying compliance, in turn, requires that an electric scooter (including its battery and chargers) undergo a testing procedure. As a result, you will obtain a test report that must be included in the technical documentation.

Here are some aspects that can be part of the testing process for electric scooters:

• Mechanical and structural testing
• Break testing
• EMC testing
• RoHS component testing
• Battery safety testing
• Charger electric safety testing
• Bluetooth testing

FAQ

Do electric scooters need to be CE marked in the EU?

Yes, electric scooters must be CE marked because CE marking directives and regulations apply to the electronic and electrical parts of the scooter. For instance, EU legislation like the RoHS Directive and the EMC Directive applies to most electric scooters because of their parts (e.g., the electric motor).

Other CE marking regulations may also apply, such as the Machinery Regulation.

What other labelling requirements apply to electric scooters?

Regulations and directives that apply to electric scooters generally require that information about the manufacturer, the importer (if applicable) and the product must be provided for traceability purposes.

Here are examples of traceability information:

• Product type, batch, model, or serial number
• Manufacturer’s name and address
• Importer’s name and address (if applicable)
• Authorised representative’s contact details (if any(

Other labelling requirements may include the provision of an instruction label and warnings, depending on the requirements of the applicable legislation. Further, the Machinery Regulation also sets labelling requirements.

Does the Machinery Regulation apply to electric scooters?

The Machinery Regulation applies to electric scooters that fit the definition of machinery, which is contained in Article 3(1), and that are not exempted from the scope (Article 2).

Note that e-scooters are explicitly mentioned in Recital 17 of the regulation, which also explains what type of vehicles are covered by the regulation:

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[…] Means of transport by road that are not yet covered by a specific Union legal act should be regulated by this Regulation except in respect of risks that might arise from circulation on public roads. This means that vehicles, including e-bikes, e-scooters and other personal mobility devices that are not subject to EU type approval under Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (8) or Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council (9) or approval under Regulation (EU) 2018/858 of the European Parliament and of the Council (10) are covered by this Regulation.

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Which companies provide safety testing for electric scooters in the EU?

Here are some EU companies that we found that provide safety testing for electric scooters:

• Dekra
• Intertek
• TÜV SÜD
• ACT Lab