Product Liability Directive in the European Union: An Essential Guide

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Product Liability Directive

The Product Liability Directive applies to virtually all products – including physical products and digital products such as software – that are sold in the EU regardless of where they originate from. Under the directive, providers of unsafe products that are sold and that cause harm to EU consumers can be taken to court and be required to compensate the consumer for their losses.

This guide addresses some common questions relating to the application of this directive and explain how it impacts manufacturers and other businesses.
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What is the difference between UKCA and CE marking?

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What is the difference between UKCA and CE marking?

UKCA marking and CE marking both indicate compliance with a set of safety, documentation and labelling requirements. In short, the UKCA marking was originally intended to replace the CE mark post-Brexit, but that is not ultimately the case. Instead, the UK decided to accept CE marking for certain products, while it also remains mandatory for many products in Northern Ireland.

This can be confusing, to put it mildly. This guide will hopefully help you understand the practical differences between the UKCA mark and the CE mark, in terms of their requirements, when to use which marking, and their respective geographical extents.
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What information must be in a Digital Product Passport?

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What information must be in a Digital Product Passport?
A digital product passport must contain information about the manufacturer, product, applicable EU regulations and directives, harmonised standards, and other details. This guide explains what information you may need to include based on Annex VI of the Toy Safety Regulation.

While the exact format and information may differ for other products, it gives you a relatively clear picture of what you must include in a digital product passport.
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EU Toy Safety Regulation: An Essential Guide

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EU Toy Safety Regulation

The new EU Toy Safety Regulation will replace the Toy Safety Directive, resulting in significant changes to documentation and labelling requirements for toys. In this guide, we take a closer look at the harmonised standards, digital product passport requirements, labelling, technical documentation, and other aspects of the Toy Safety Regulation.

Note that this article is based on the draft published in February 2025.
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Which Products Require an EU Digital Product Passport?

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Which Products Require an EU Digital Product Passport?

Digital Product Passports are expected to be gradually introduced for a range of product categories in the European Union. In this guide, we explain which products are covered by Digital Product Passport requirements under the Toy Safety Regulation and the Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR).
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Product Label Reviews and Checks: A Complete Guide

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Product Label Checks and Reviews: A Complete Guide
Shipping incorrectly labelled products can result in recalls and fines. Ensuring that your products are correctly labelled is crucial. However, navigating the maze of complex, conditional and sometimes open-ended labelling requirements is a challenge even for those who have years of experience.

Label reviews, which are performed by companies like QIMA and TUV Rheinland, can help you reduce the risk of selling incorrectly labelled products.
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How to Find EU Product Regulations and Directives

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How to Find EU Product Regulations and Directives
One of the main challenges when selling products in the EU is finding out which regulations and directives your product must comply with. In this guide, we explain where you can find this information and how you can determine which EU regulations and directives are relevant to your products.

This guide also explains how you can determine if you are classified as a manufacturer, importer and distributor, and how this impacts what you must do to comply.

Finally, you will also learn what to look for inside each applicable EU regulation and directive to understand what you must do to comply in practice.
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Measuring Instruments Directive: An Essential Guide

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Measuring Instruments Directive

The Measuring Instruments Directive sets design and manufacturing requirements for measuring instruments sold in the European Union.The goal is to ensure that measuring instruments provide a high level of quality concerning the measurement data, such as temperature, weight, or volume.

This guide explains how the directive applies to instruments such as water meters, taximeters, and exhaust gas analysers. It also provides examples of harmonised standards, as well as requirements related to documentation, labelling, and more.
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Guide to Batch Number Requirements in the EU

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Guide to Batch Number Requirements in the EU
Defects resulting in product safety issues can happen even if you have done everything right. If this should ever happen, you want to ensure that you can narrow down the safety issues to specific production runs. This can only be done if your products are labelled with batch numbers.

In this guide, we take a closer look at EU requirements concerning batch numbers, formats, and which products require these.
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Declaration of Performance (DoP) for Construction Products: An Overview

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Declaration of Performance

The Declaration of Performance (DoP) is an important element of the Construction Products Regulation. It provides information on a construction product’s performance relative to its essential characteristics, such as those set by applicable standards.

Manufacturers should issue the Declaration of Performance when their product is either covered by a harmonised standard or conforms to a European Technical Assessment. This guide addresses key questions surrounding the Declaration of Performance and its requirements.

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